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homelab/project-usage/infra-practice.md
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Infrastructure Practice Playbook

Standardized procedures for troubleshooting, developing, deploying, and operating the homelab platform. Each procedure explicitly calls out where the core CLI fits vs kubectl/helmfile/direct cluster access. See core-cli-tools.md for the auth/secrets domain split; see infra-troubleshooting.md for quick patterns and gotchas.

Procedure A: Troubleshoot a Service or Cluster Issue

  1. Identify the domain.

    • Vault/secrets: core get/core put failing, Vault unreachable.
    • Node/Talos: node crashes, disk full, kubelet unreachable, network issues.
    • Plain Kubernetes: pod CrashLoop, service 503, deployment stuck.

  2. If Vault-adjacent (secrets, authentication failing):

    • Run core secrets status first (NOT core auth status — common mistake).
    • If Vault UNREACHABLE, check DNS/networking:
      • No wildcard DNS exists; verify manual /etc/hosts entries (10.6.0.1 for WireGuard, 192.168.1.160 for LAN).
      • Ping the Vault service: kubectl get svc -n vault | grep vault.
    • If Vault token not cached, run core secrets login, approve device code in browser.
    • Verify: core secrets status shows ✓ Authenticated.

  3. If node/Talos-adjacent (kubelet logs, node state, services failing):

    • Run core auth status first.
    • If token expired, run core auth login-oob, approve device code in browser.
    • Then run core nodes to list cluster nodes.
    • For a specific node, run core status <ip> (Talos state).
    • Inspect Talos services: core services <ip> (kubelet, etcd, controller, etc.).
    • Check service logs: core logs <ip> (main Talos logs) or core log-svc <ip> kubelet (specific service).
    • Consult infra-troubleshooting.md for Pod stuck in CrashLoopBackOff and kubelet restart patterns.

  4. If plain Kubernetes (pod/deployment/service issues):

    • Consult root TROUBLESHOOTING.md for the layer-before-tool SRE methodology (procedures 1–10).
    • Use infra-troubleshooting.md § Quick Patterns for common diagnoses:
      • CrashLoopBackOff: kubectl logs -n <ns> <pod> --tail=50 + kubectl describe pod -n <ns> <pod> | grep -A 10 Events.
      • Service 503: kubectl get endpoints -n <ns> <svc> (endpoints missing?) + kubectl get pods -n <ns> -o wide (pods not Ready?).
      • Helm release stuck: helmfile status | grep -E "FAILED|UNKNOWN|PENDING" + helm status <release> -n <ns> --show-resources.
    • If still unclear, escalate to kubectl get all -n <ns> and review resource events.

  5. For dashboards and live metrics:

    • Use core pf grafana (port-forward to localhost:3000) rather than raw kubectl port-forward — keeps forwarded ports consistent.
    • If Prometheus unavailable, check: kubectl get pods -n monitoring | grep prometheus.
    • If ServiceMonitor not scraping, verify: kubectl get servicemonitor -A | grep <name> and inspect .spec.selector matches the target pod's app label.

Procedure B: Launch/Develop a New Service or POC

  1. Plan the service.

    • Determine namespace (e.g., sqs, temporal, databases, monitoring).
    • Decide if metrics exported (most should) and if OIDC-gated.
    • Sketch a Helm values.yaml structure (secrets, replicas, resource requests, affinity).

  2. Authenticate to Vault.

    • Run core secrets login and approve device code in browser.
    • Verify: core secrets status shows ✓ Authenticated.
    • You'll need Vault access to store service secrets in step 5.

  3. Create service Helm chart directory.

    • Create k8s/<service>/ with at minimum:
      • values.yaml (Helm values for deployment, service, replicas, resource limits).
      • charts/ subdirectory for any custom local Helm charts (optional).
    • Follow naming conventions from coding-standards.md.

  4. Add Helm release to helmfile.

    • Open helmfile.yaml.gotmpl.
    • Add release block under releases: section, following this structure: 
      - name: <service>
  namespace: <namespace>
  chart: <chart-repo>/<chart-name>
  version: ~1.0  # pin major.minor, allow patch updates
  needs:
    - <dependency-namespace>/<dependency-release>  # if applicable
  values:
    - k8s/<service>/values.yaml
    - secretsInline:
        DB_PASSWORD: "{{ env \"<SERVICE>_DB_PASSWORD\" }}"
    • Consult coding-standards.md for needs: ordering (example: sqs section shows strimzi-operator → kafka-cluster → queue-crd → management-service).
    • Reference real example: root helmfile's sqs section.

  5. If the service needs secrets (DB password, API key, OAuth secret):

    • Generate value (e.g., openssl rand -hex 32 for passwords).
    • Store in Vault: core put cluster/<SERVICE>_<KEY> <SERVICE>_<KEY>="value".
    • Critical gotcha: field name MUST equal variable name (e.g., FORGEJO_ADMIN_PASSWORD= not value=) per coding-standards.md § Vault field=variable convention.
    • Reference in values.yaml via {{ env "VARIABLE_NAME" }} (Helmfile Go template syntax, NOT shell ${VAR}).
    • Do NOT hardcode secrets in values.yaml or ConfigMaps.

  6. Verify Helm syntax before deploy.

    • Run helmfile lint (catches template errors, duplicate releases).
    • Run helmfile diff -l name=<service> (show what will be deployed).
    • Review diff for correctness (verify env var substitutions, resource limits, affinity rules).

  7. Deploy the service.

    • Run helmfile apply -l name=<service>.
    • Monitor: kubectl get pods -n <namespace> -w (watch until Running).
    • If pods stuck: kubectl describe pod -n <namespace> <pod-name> (check Events for SchedulingFailed, ImagePullBackOff, etc.).

  8. If the service exports /metrics (Prometheus format):

    • Create ServiceMonitor: k8s/monitoring/servicemonitors/svc-<name>.yaml.
      • .spec.selector.matchLabels must match the service's pod labels (usually app: <service>).
      • .spec.endpoints[0].port must match the service port name or number exporting metrics.
    • Create PrometheusRule: k8s/monitoring/alerts/svc-<name>-rules.yaml.
      • Include error rate, latency, and SLO alert rules.
      • Use prometheus as the rule group.
    • Create Grafana dashboard: k8s/monitoring/dashboards/svc-<name>.yaml.
      • Use 6-row template: Availability, Resources, Domain metrics, Logs, SLO, Related.
      • See README.md § Example Applications for a full walkthrough.
    • Verify scrape: kubectl get servicemonitor -A | grep <name> and check Prometheus Targets UI for green status.

  9. If OIDC/IAM-gated (admin UI, restricted API):

    • Create app in Authentik: core iam create-app "my-service" --slug my-service --redirect-uri "https://my-service.riotpiao.com/callback".
    • Bind app to group: core iam bind-app my-service <group> (e.g., grafana-admins for admin-only UI).
    • Retrieve credentials: core iam describe-app my-service (client ID, client secret).
    • Deploy secret: kubectl create secret generic <service>-oidc --from-literal=client-id=<ID> --from-literal=client-secret=<SECRET> -n <namespace>.
    • Reference secret in values.yaml: mount via .spec.template.spec.containers[].env or volumeMounts.
    • See core-cli-tools.md § Access Control Tiers for Tier A (OIDC + RBAC) vs Tier B (network perimeter only).

  10. Verify service is live.

    • Pods: kubectl get pods -n <namespace> -o wide (all Running, 1/1 Ready).
    • Metrics (if applicable): kubectl get servicemonitor -A | grep <name> and visit Prometheus Targets or Grafana dashboard.
    • Endpoint: If publicly routed via Ingress, verify /etc/hosts entry (10.6.0.1 for WireGuard, 192.168.1.160 for LAN) and curl https://my-service.riotpiao.com/health (or equivalent health endpoint).
    • Logs: kubectl logs -n <namespace> <pod> (no errors).

Definition of Done (Per Service)

  • Helm chart version pinned (~1.0 format in helmfile)
  • All secrets in Vault (none in values.yaml or ConfigMap)
  • /metrics endpoint exported (if applicable)
  • ServiceMonitor resource created (if metrics exported)
  • PrometheusRule with error/latency/SLO alerts (if metrics exported)
  • Grafana dashboard (if metrics exported; 6-row template: Availability, Resources, Domain, Logs, SLO, Related)
  • Ingress rule (if external access needed)
  • OIDC integration via core iam (if UI component)
  • Verified: helmfile diff clean, pods Running, dashboard live or /metrics returning 200

Procedure C: Operate the Cluster (Node Health, Context, Cleanup)

  1. Daily health check.

    • Check auth: core auth status (if OK, node ops will work).
    • List nodes: core nodes.
    • For each node, check Talos state: core status <ip>.
    • Check K8s nodes: kubectl get nodes -o wide (all Ready, no NotReady).
    • Check pod pressure: kubectl get nodes -o json | jq '.items[] | {name: .metadata.name, memory: .status.allocatable.memory, pods: .status.allocatable.pods}'.

  2. Troubleshoot a specific node.

    • Get node IP: core nodes and note the IP.
    • Check Talos services: core services <ip> (kubelet, etcd, controller should be running).
    • Check service logs: core logs <ip> (main Talos daemon logs).
    • Filter to specific service: core log-svc <ip> kubelet (kubelet logs only).
    • Restart a service if needed: core restart <ip> kubelet (graceful kubelet restart).

  3. Pod cleanup (Failed, Evicted, Terminating pods).

    • Run core pods clean (scans all namespaces, removes stale pods).
    • Verify: kubectl get pods -A | grep -E "Failed|Evicted" (should be empty).

  4. Switch kubectl context (when off-LAN, on WireGuard).

    • List available contexts: core config kube-list.
    • Switch to WireGuard path (10.6.0.1:6443): core config kube-use admin@homelab-cluster-1.
    • Known limitation: core config use <talos-context> doesn't map to WireGuard; use kube-use directly.
    • Verify: kubectl cluster-info shows 10.6.0.1 (not 192.168.1.213).

  5. MinIO bucket operations (if managing data/backups).

    • List buckets: core bucket list.
    • Upload file: core bucket upload <bucket> <local-file>.
    • Download file: core bucket download <bucket> <remote-file> -o <local-file>.
    • Delete file: core bucket delete <bucket> <remote-file>.

  6. Bootstrap or hardware runbooks (infrequent).

    • Fresh cluster setup: See README.md § Bootstrap Order (14 steps).
    • Adding a new Talos node: See README.md § Adding Hardware.
    • Do not re-explain those long procedures here; consult README.md directly.

Notes

Queue subsystem (Kafka/kmsvc/Temporal namespace auto-registration): Already deployed and stable. If re-deploying:

  • Primary deploy method: helmfile apply -l namespace=sqs (live from root helmfile).
  • Alternate isolated iterate path: k8s/sqs/helmfile.yaml.gotmpl (not recommended for production).
  • Planned future: GitOps via k8s/sqs/argocd/ (companion repo, not yet active).
  • Critical rule: Temporal namespace registration is automatic via queue-operator; never manually temporal operator namespace create for any namespace referenced by a Queue's temporal.io/namespace label. See ~/workplace/kmsvc-manage/CLAUDE.md ("Temporal Namespace Registration") for the full rule and why.

Shared/reusable service repositories: If a service's Helm chart and container image live in a separate repository, they must be:

  • Published as a public GitHub repository under the Riotpiaole organization.
  • Images pushed to GHCR (ghcr.io/riotpiaole/...) for public pullability.
  • Consult coding-standards.md § Shared/Reusable Repos for the full publishing rule.

Cross-References

  • core-cli-tools.md: Auth/secrets domain split, command inventory, when to use core vs kubectl.
  • coding-standards.md: Helm naming conventions, needs: ordering rules, helmfile template syntax ({{ env "VAR" }} not ${VAR}), Vault field=variable convention, shared-repo publishing rule.
  • infra-troubleshooting.md: Quick patterns (CrashLoopBackOff, 503, helm stuck), gotchas, hard rules.
  • USAGE.md: Exhaustive core command reference.
  • README.md: Bootstrap order, hardware addition, example app walkthrough, 6-row Grafana dashboard template.
  • root TROUBLESHOOTING.md: Generic Kubernetes SRE layer-before-tool methodology (10 diagnostic procedures).
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