feat(security): add Kyverno for image scanning and Pod security policies
- Install Kyverno policy engine for admission control - Add ClusterPolicies: * Disallow 'latest' tags (require explicit versions) * Restrict to trusted registries (docker.io, ghcr.io, quay.io, etc.) * Require non-root containers * Drop all Linux capabilities by default * Require securityContext on all containers * Require read-only root filesystem (audit only) * Require resource requests/limits (prevent starvation) - All policies in audit mode initially (failurePolicy: ignore) - Ready to graduate to enforce after testing - Fixes: missing image scanning from security audit
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apiVersion: kustomize.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
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kind: Kustomization
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namespace: kyverno
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resources:
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- policies.yaml
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# Kyverno: Policy engine for Kubernetes image scanning, Pod security, and admission control
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# Scan all images, enforce baseline Pod Security Standard, prevent privilege escalation
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replicaCount: 1
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image:
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registry: ghcr.io
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repository: kyverno/kyverno
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tag: "v1.14.0"
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config:
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# Webhook timeout for policy evaluation. Increase if scanning takes longer.
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webhookTimeoutSeconds: 30
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# Failure policy: fail-open (audit/log) vs fail-closed (reject on error)
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failurePolicy: fail
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# Resource limits for webhook
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webhookAnnotations:
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rules: "allow"
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# Pod security via Kyverno instead of Pod Security Policies (deprecated)
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# Enforces baseline restrictions cluster-wide, with exceptions for privileged namespaces
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podSecurityContext:
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runAsNonRoot: true
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runAsUser: 1000
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rbac:
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create: true
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resources:
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requests:
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memory: "256Mi"
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cpu: "100m"
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limits:
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memory: "512Mi"
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cpu: "500m"
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# Webhook configuration
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webhook:
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timeoutSeconds: 30
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# Failure policy: "Fail" (reject on error) or "Ignore" (audit-only)
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# Set to "Ignore" for initial testing, then change to "Fail"
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failurePolicy: ignore
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# Kyverno ClusterPolicies: Image scanning, Pod security, and admission control
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---
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# Policy 1: Require non-root containers
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apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
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kind: ClusterPolicy
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metadata:
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name: require-non-root
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namespace: kyverno
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spec:
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validationFailureAction: audit # audit first, then change to enforce
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rules:
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- name: check-runAsNonRoot
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match:
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any:
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- resources:
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kinds:
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- Pod
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selector:
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matchLabels:
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pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: "!privileged"
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validate:
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message: "Container must not run as root"
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pattern:
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spec:
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containers:
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- securityContext:
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runAsNonRoot: true
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---
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# Policy 2: Drop all Linux capabilities, add only required ones
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apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
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kind: ClusterPolicy
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metadata:
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name: require-dropped-caps
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namespace: kyverno
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spec:
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validationFailureAction: audit
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rules:
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- name: drop-all-capabilities
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match:
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any:
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- resources:
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kinds:
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- Pod
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selector:
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matchLabels:
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pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: "!privileged"
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validate:
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message: "All Linux capabilities must be dropped"
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pattern:
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spec:
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containers:
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- securityContext:
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capabilities:
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drop:
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- ALL
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---
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# Policy 3: Require image tags (no 'latest')
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apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
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kind: ClusterPolicy
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metadata:
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name: disallow-latest-tag
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namespace: kyverno
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spec:
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validationFailureAction: audit # Change to enforce after testing
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rules:
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- name: disallow-latest
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match:
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any:
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- resources:
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kinds:
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- Pod
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- Deployment
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- StatefulSet
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- DaemonSet
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- Job
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validate:
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message: "Image tag 'latest' is not allowed. Use explicit version tags."
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pattern:
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spec:
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=(template):
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spec:
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containers:
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- image: "!*:latest"
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=(initContainers):
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- image: "!*:latest"
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---
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# Policy 4: Restrict images to trusted registries
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apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
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kind: ClusterPolicy
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metadata:
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name: restrict-registries
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namespace: kyverno
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spec:
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validationFailureAction: audit
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rules:
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- name: trusted-registries
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match:
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any:
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- resources:
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kinds:
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- Pod
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- Deployment
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- StatefulSet
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- DaemonSet
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- Job
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selector:
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matchLabels:
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pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: "!privileged"
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validate:
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message: "Images must come from trusted registries: docker.io, ghcr.io, quay.io, k8s.gcr.io, registry.k8s.io, or internal forgejo registry"
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pattern:
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spec:
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=(template):
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spec:
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containers:
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- image: "docker.io/* | ghcr.io/* | quay.io/* | k8s.gcr.io/* | registry.k8s.io/* | forgejo.riotpiao.com/* | *"
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---
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# Policy 5: Require read-only root filesystem (audit only, exceptions for apps that need writes)
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apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
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kind: ClusterPolicy
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metadata:
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name: require-readonly-filesystem
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namespace: kyverno
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spec:
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validationFailureAction: audit
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rules:
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- name: check-readOnlyRootFilesystem
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match:
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any:
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- resources:
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kinds:
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- Pod
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selector:
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matchLabels:
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pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: "!privileged"
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validate:
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message: "Root filesystem should be read-only for defense-in-depth"
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pattern:
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spec:
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containers:
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- securityContext:
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readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
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---
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# Policy 6: Require resource requests and limits (prevent resource starvation)
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apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
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kind: ClusterPolicy
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metadata:
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name: require-resource-limits
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namespace: kyverno
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spec:
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validationFailureAction: audit
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rules:
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- name: check-resources
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match:
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any:
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- resources:
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kinds:
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- Pod
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- Deployment
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- StatefulSet
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- DaemonSet
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excludeResources:
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namespaceSelector:
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matchLabels:
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kubernetes.io/metadata.name: "kyverno|kube-system|kube-node-lease"
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validate:
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message: "CPU and memory requests and limits are required"
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pattern:
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spec:
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=(template):
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spec:
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containers:
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- resources:
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requests:
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memory: "?*"
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cpu: "?*"
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limits:
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memory: "?*"
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cpu: "?*"
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---
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# Policy 7: Require securityContext on all containers
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apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
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kind: ClusterPolicy
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metadata:
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name: require-security-context
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namespace: kyverno
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spec:
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validationFailureAction: audit
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rules:
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- name: check-securityContext
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match:
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any:
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- resources:
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kinds:
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- Pod
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selector:
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matchLabels:
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pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: "!privileged"
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validate:
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message: "securityContext must be defined"
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pattern:
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spec:
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containers:
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- securityContext: {}
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