feat(monitoring): LLM observability dashboard + fix dead CAG rule
New Grafana dashboard (llm-observability) with 27 panels across 5 rows:
TTFT, inter-token latency, batching/scheduling, KV cache, throughput.
Both metric sources are shown side by side because they answer different
questions and neither is complete alone:
vLLM 0.11.0 (reasoning) — engine truth: kv_cache_usage_perc,
num_requests_running/waiting, num_preemptions_total, prefill vs
decode time, prefix cache, per-request histogram quantiles.
TEI 1.8.2 (embeddings, reranker) — te_batch_next_size, te_queue_size,
te_embed_duration, te_embed_queue_duration.
api-gateway — the ONLY per-request latency source covering Ollama
models (ornith:35b, qwen2.5:3b-instruct), which expose no metrics.
It is derived from the SSE byte stream, so it is streaming-only and
counts SSE chunks rather than true tokens. vLLM's own histograms are
authoritative for reasoning.
All 44 panel queries were executed against live Prometheus before commit —
all return success. vLLM/TEI panels have live series; gateway panels show
no data until the netpol fix in homelab-frontend PR #62 merges.
Also fixes a dead alert. alerts/cag-kv-cache-rules.yaml derived
vllm:prefix_cache_hit_rate from vllm:cache_query_hit_total and
vllm:cache_query_miss_total. Those metric names do not exist in vLLM
0.11.0 — the real series are vllm:prefix_cache_hits_total and
vllm:prefix_cache_queries_total. The recording rule produced no data, so
VLLMPrefixCacheHitRateLow could never fire.
Not included: real GPU hardware metrics (SM utilisation, framebuffer,
power, temperature). Only nvidia-device-plugin is deployed, which exposes
none of them; DCGM exporter is required. vllm:kv_cache_usage_perc and
preemption rate are the only GPU-pressure proxies available today.
This commit is contained in:
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apiVersion: v1
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data:
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llm-observability.json: '{"title":"LLM Observability","uid":"llm-observability","schemaVersion":39,"timezone":"browser","time":{"from":"now-6h","to":"now"},"refresh":"30s","tags":["llm","vllm","tei","gpu","observability"],"panels":[{"id":100,"title":"Latency
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\u2014 Time To First Token","type":"row","collapsed":true,"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":0},"panels":[{"id":101,"title":"TTFT
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p95 (gateway)","type":"stat","gridPos":{"h":4,"w":4,"x":0,"y":1},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"s"}},"targets":[{"expr":"histogram_quantile(0.95,
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sum(rate(llm_ttft_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le))"}]},{"id":102,"title":"TTFT p95
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(vLLM)","type":"stat","gridPos":{"h":4,"w":4,"x":4,"y":1},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"s"}},"targets":[{"expr":"histogram_quantile(0.95,
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sum(rate(vllm:time_to_first_token_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le))"}]},{"id":103,"title":"KV
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cache in use","type":"stat","gridPos":{"h":4,"w":4,"x":8,"y":1},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"percentunit"}},"targets":[{"expr":"max(vllm:kv_cache_usage_perc)"}]},{"id":104,"title":"Requests
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running","type":"stat","gridPos":{"h":4,"w":4,"x":12,"y":1},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"short"}},"targets":[{"expr":"sum(vllm:num_requests_running)"}]},{"id":105,"title":"Requests
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waiting","type":"stat","gridPos":{"h":4,"w":4,"x":16,"y":1},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"short"}},"targets":[{"expr":"sum(vllm:num_requests_waiting)"}]},{"id":106,"title":"Preemptions
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(5m)","type":"stat","gridPos":{"h":4,"w":4,"x":20,"y":1},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"short"}},"targets":[{"expr":"increase(vllm:num_preemptions_total[5m])"}]},{"id":110,"title":"TTFT
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percentile by model (gateway)","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":2},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"s"}},"targets":[{"expr":"histogram_quantile(0.5,
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sum(rate(llm_ttft_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le, model))","legendFormat":"p50 \u00b7
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{{model}}"},{"expr":"histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(llm_ttft_seconds_bucket[5m]))
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by (le, model))","legendFormat":"p95 \u00b7 {{model}}"},{"expr":"histogram_quantile(0.99,
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sum(rate(llm_ttft_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le, model))","legendFormat":"p99 \u00b7
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{{model}}"}]},{"id":111,"title":"TTFT percentile \u2014 vLLM reasoning","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":2},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"s"}},"targets":[{"expr":"histogram_quantile(0.5,
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sum(rate(vllm:time_to_first_token_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le, model_name))","legendFormat":"p50"},{"expr":"histogram_quantile(0.95,
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sum(rate(vllm:time_to_first_token_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le, model_name))","legendFormat":"p95"},{"expr":"histogram_quantile(0.99,
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sum(rate(vllm:time_to_first_token_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le, model_name))","legendFormat":"p99"}]},{"id":112,"title":"Prefill
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vs decode (mean)","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":3},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"s"}},"targets":[{"expr":"rate(vllm:request_prefill_time_seconds_sum[5m])
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/ clamp_min(rate(vllm:request_prefill_time_seconds_count[5m]), 0.001)","legendFormat":"prefill"},{"expr":"rate(vllm:request_decode_time_seconds_sum[5m])
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/ clamp_min(rate(vllm:request_decode_time_seconds_count[5m]), 0.001)","legendFormat":"decode"}]},{"id":113,"title":"Queue
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wait before scheduling (mean)","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":3},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"s"}},"targets":[{"expr":"rate(vllm:request_queue_time_seconds_sum[5m])
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/ clamp_min(rate(vllm:request_queue_time_seconds_count[5m]), 0.001)","legendFormat":"queue"}]}]},{"id":120,"title":"Latency
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\u2014 Inter-Token","type":"row","collapsed":true,"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":4},"panels":[{"id":121,"title":"Inter-token
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latency by model (gateway)","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":5},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"s"}},"targets":[{"expr":"histogram_quantile(0.5,
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sum(rate(llm_itl_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le, model))","legendFormat":"p50 \u00b7
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{{model}}"},{"expr":"histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(llm_itl_seconds_bucket[5m]))
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by (le, model))","legendFormat":"p95 \u00b7 {{model}}"},{"expr":"histogram_quantile(0.99,
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sum(rate(llm_itl_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le, model))","legendFormat":"p99 \u00b7
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{{model}}"}]},{"id":122,"title":"Inter-token latency \u2014 vLLM reasoning","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":5},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"s"}},"targets":[{"expr":"histogram_quantile(0.5,
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sum(rate(vllm:inter_token_latency_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le, model_name))","legendFormat":"p50"},{"expr":"histogram_quantile(0.95,
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sum(rate(vllm:inter_token_latency_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le, model_name))","legendFormat":"p95"},{"expr":"histogram_quantile(0.99,
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sum(rate(vllm:inter_token_latency_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le, model_name))","legendFormat":"p99"}]},{"id":123,"title":"Decode
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throughput (tokens/s per request)","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":6},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"short"}},"targets":[{"expr":"1
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/ clamp_min(rate(vllm:time_per_output_token_seconds_sum[5m]) / clamp_min(rate(vllm:time_per_output_token_seconds_count[5m]),
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0.001), 0.0001)","legendFormat":"tok/s"}]},{"id":124,"title":"End-to-end request
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latency p50/p95/p99","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":6},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"s"}},"targets":[{"expr":"histogram_quantile(0.5,
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sum(rate(vllm:e2e_request_latency_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le, model_name))","legendFormat":"p50"},{"expr":"histogram_quantile(0.95,
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sum(rate(vllm:e2e_request_latency_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le, model_name))","legendFormat":"p95"},{"expr":"histogram_quantile(0.99,
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sum(rate(vllm:e2e_request_latency_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le, model_name))","legendFormat":"p99"}]}]},{"id":130,"title":"Batching
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& Scheduling","type":"row","collapsed":true,"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":7},"panels":[{"id":131,"title":"vLLM
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running vs waiting requests (batch depth)","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":8},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"short"}},"targets":[{"expr":"sum(vllm:num_requests_running)","legendFormat":"running
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(in batch)"},{"expr":"sum(vllm:num_requests_waiting)","legendFormat":"waiting
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(queued)"}]},{"id":132,"title":"Preemption rate (KV cache eviction pressure)","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":8},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"short"}},"targets":[{"expr":"rate(vllm:num_preemptions_total[5m])","legendFormat":"preemptions/s"}]},{"id":133,"title":"TEI
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batch size (embeddings / reranker)","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":9},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"short"}},"targets":[{"expr":"avg(te_batch_next_size_sum
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/ clamp_min(te_batch_next_size_count, 1)) by (app)","legendFormat":"{{app}}"}]},{"id":134,"title":"TEI
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queue depth","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":9},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"short"}},"targets":[{"expr":"max(te_queue_size)
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by (app)","legendFormat":"{{app}}"}]}]},{"id":140,"title":"KV Cache","type":"row","collapsed":true,"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":10},"panels":[{"id":141,"title":"KV
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cache utilisation (GPU memory pressure)","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":11},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"percentunit"}},"targets":[{"expr":"max(vllm:kv_cache_usage_perc)
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by (model_name)","legendFormat":"{{model_name}}"}]},{"id":142,"title":"Prefix
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cache hit rate (CAG effectiveness)","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":11},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"percentunit"}},"targets":[{"expr":"vllm:prefix_cache_hit_rate","legendFormat":"{{model_name}}"}]},{"id":143,"title":"Prefix
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cache hits vs queries","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":12},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"short"}},"targets":[{"expr":"rate(vllm:prefix_cache_hits_total[5m])","legendFormat":"hits/s"},{"expr":"rate(vllm:prefix_cache_queries_total[5m])","legendFormat":"queries/s"}]},{"id":144,"title":"Prefix
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cache hit tokens (gateway-observed, all models)","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":12},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"short"}},"targets":[{"expr":"rate(vllm_prefix_cache_hit_tokens_total[5m])","legendFormat":"hit
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tokens/s"}]}]},{"id":150,"title":"Throughput & Health","type":"row","collapsed":true,"gridPos":{"h":1,"w":24,"x":0,"y":13},"panels":[{"id":151,"title":"Token
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throughput","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":0,"y":14},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"short"}},"targets":[{"expr":"sum(rate(vllm:prompt_tokens_total[5m]))","legendFormat":"prompt
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tok/s"},{"expr":"sum(rate(vllm:generation_tokens_total[5m]))","legendFormat":"generation
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tok/s"},{"expr":"rate(llm_tokens_total[5m])","legendFormat":"gateway SSE chunks/s
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(all models)"}]},{"id":152,"title":"Successful requests/s","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":12,"x":12,"y":14},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"short"}},"targets":[{"expr":"sum(rate(vllm:request_success_total[5m]))","legendFormat":"vLLM"},{"expr":"sum(rate(te_request_count[5m]))","legendFormat":"TEI"}]},{"id":153,"title":"Backpressure
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\u2014 queue-full rejects","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":8,"x":0,"y":15},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"short"}},"targets":[{"expr":"rate(queue_full_requests_total[5m])","legendFormat":"rejected/s"}]},{"id":154,"title":"KV
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warmup requests delayed","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":8,"x":8,"y":15},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"short"}},"targets":[{"expr":"rate(warmup_requests_delayed_total[5m])","legendFormat":"delayed/s"}]},{"id":155,"title":"Embedding
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/ rerank latency p95","type":"timeseries","gridPos":{"h":8,"w":8,"x":16,"y":15},"datasource":{"type":"prometheus","uid":"prometheus"},"fieldConfig":{"defaults":{"unit":"s"}},"targets":[{"expr":"histogram_quantile(0.95,
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sum(rate(te_embed_duration_bucket[5m])) by (le, app))","legendFormat":"{{app}}
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embed"},{"expr":"histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(te_embed_queue_duration_bucket[5m]))
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by (le, app))","legendFormat":"{{app}} queue"}]}]}]}'
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kind: ConfigMap
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metadata:
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annotations:
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grafana_folder: LLM
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labels:
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grafana_dashboard: '1'
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name: llm-observability-dashboard
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namespace: logging
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